In this short article, we will answer the question “What is the best diet for people with protein in urine?” and will show you the causes.
What is the best diet for people with protein in urine?
First you should find out the cause of your proteinuria, for this you should first speak with your doctor. Most likely, it is a kidney condition.
In patients with chronic renal failure who are not yet receiving dialysis (pre-dialysis phase or conservative treatment), it is important to watch what they consume, particularly in terms of sodium and animal-derived proteins.
Although excessive protein consumption is not entirely responsible for disease progression, it is thought that higher protein intake speeds up proteinuria, or the removal of protein through the urine.
Compared to an unrestricted diet, protein-restricted eating prolongs the time before starting dialysis.
The low-protein diet has the protective effect of lowering intraglomerular pressure, decreasing ammonia and phosphate excretion, decreasing the production of toxic nitrogen products.
Following conventional advice, the diet can be calculated using complex and simple carbohydrates, lipids, fruits, and vegetables.
Simple and complex carbohydrates must be controlled in cases of diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia.
In cases of hypercholesterolemia, fat should preferably be of the poly and monounsaturated variety; and in cases of hyperkalemia (increased serum potassium levels), fruits and vegetables must be restricted.
Since the protein sources in the patient’s diet are the same as those that contain phosphorus, protein restriction will be used to treat hyperphosphatemia if it exists (especially meat in general, milk and dairy products, and eggs).
Nutritional advice for people receiving conservative treatment for chronic kidney disease:
- Calories: Approximately 30 calories per kilogram of body weight are used when body weight needs to be reduced. More than 35 cal/kg are used in repletion.
- Protein: In general, the protein recommendation is 0.8 to 1.0 g protein/kg of body weight, which is close to the recommendation of the general population.
However, a standard low-protein diet is utilized when there is evidence of CRF development and contains 0.6 g of protein per kg of body weight.
- Carbs: From 55 to 65% of the overall energy value is made up of carbohydrates.
- Lipids account for 30 to 35% of the overall energy value and are monounsaturated between 10% and 15%, polyunsaturated 10%, and saturated less than 10%.
- For sodium, adhere to guidelines comparable to those for high blood pressure, which call for up to 6 g of salt per day, or four level tablespoons.
The chronic renal patient having conservative treatment must be individually guided, and follow-up by a nutritionist is required in order to enhance their nutritional treatment, much like the patient undergoing hemodialysis or any other treatment for acute or chronic renal failure.
How does excess protein in urine occur?
The Malpighian glomerulus is formed by tiny blood arteries (the capillaries) that are entangled in Bowman’s capsules, which are found in the smaller section of the kidney.
The glomerular basement membrane, a group of three membranes that make up Bowman’s capsule, functions as a filter, returning larger particles to the body and directing smaller ones to the renal tubule.
Although the renal tubule makes communication with other tubules known as proximal tubules, which absorb water, salt, and other substances that the body may need, some proteins, like albumin, are delivered to the tubule because of their smaller size.
Nevertheless, a tiny amount of albumin enters the urine. The dosage that is deemed to be within normal limits is 150 mg every 24 hours. Proteinuria is the medical term for when this amount is removed in non-exorbitant excess.
The causes can vary, including issues with the urinary system like glomerular proteinuria, which is caused by an infection or a flaw in the filtering membrane, and tubular proteinuria, caused by a problem with the proximal tubules during the stage of nutritional absorption.
By changing blood flow and supplying the kidneys with large amounts of protein, physical activity might cause a rise in the release of this protein.
In the acute stage, this also happens in the presence of fever, cold, dehydration, and cardiac issues, but returns to normal levels after blood flow stabilizes. Functional proteinuria or transitory proteinuria is the term used in this situation.
When the amount of this protein generated exceeds its cellular filtering capacity, overload proteinuria develops. Children and adolescents frequently experience orthostatic proteinuria, which is the release of this protein when standing.
Conclusion:
In this short article, we answered the question “What is the best diet for people with protein in urine?” and have shown you the causes.